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Disaster Management

 

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act 2005) lays down institutional and  coordination mechanism for effective Disaster Management (DM) at the national, state, district and local levels. As mandated by this Act, the Government of India (GoI) created a multi-tiered institutional system consisting of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) headed by the Prime Minister, the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by the respective Chief Ministers and the District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) headed by the District Collectors and co chaired by Chairpersons of the local bodies. These bodies have been set up to facilitate a paradigm shift from the hitherto relief-centric approach to a more proactive, holistic and integrated approach of strengthening disaster preparedness, mitigation, and emergency response. The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) provides a framework and direction to the government agencies for all phases of disaster management cycle . The NDMP is envisaged as ready for activation at all times in response to an emergency in any part of the country. It is designed in such a way that it can be implemented as needed on a flexible and scalable manner in all phases of disaster management:

a) mitigation (prevention and risk reduction),

 b) preparedness,

 c) response and

d) recovery (immediate restoration to build-back better).

 India will make all efforts to contribute to the realization of the global targets by improving the entire disaster management cycle in India by following the  recommendations in the Sendai Framework and by adopting globally accepted best practices. The four priorities for action under the Sendai Framework are:

1. Understanding disaster risk

2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk

3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in

recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

 The NDMP incorporates substantively the approach enunciated in the Sendai Framework and will help the country to meet the goals set in the framework. By 2030, the Sendai Framework aims to achieve substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities, and countries.

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